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¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¹ý(mood)Àº ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½ÀÇ »óÅ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ µ¿»ç¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¹ý(mood)ÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.

  1. ÀÖ´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±×´ë·Î ¸»ÇÏ´Â Á÷¼³¹ý(Indicative mood)
  2. ¸í·ÉÁ¶·Î ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¹ý(Imperative mood)
  3. »ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ë·Î ¸»Çϸ鼭 ¾Æ½¬¿òÀ» ´ã´Â °¡Á¤¹ý(Subjunctive mood)

°¡Á¤¹ýÀº ¿ì¸®¸»¿¡´Â ¾ø´Â ¿µ¾î¸¸ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Ç¥Çö¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °¡Á¤¹ýÀÇ °ø½Ä¸¸À» ±â°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ï±âÇϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â °¡Á¤¹ýÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°¡Á¤¹ý¿¡´Â ¾Æ½¬¿òÀÌ ´ã±ä´Ù.

°¡Á¤¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÇöÀ糪 °ú°Å¿¡ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÑ ¾Æ½¬¿òÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇÔÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¸ÕÀú Á÷¼³¹ýÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®ÀåÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

As he is not rich, he can't go abroad.
±×´Â ºÎÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇØ¿Ü·Î °¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

±×°¡ ÇØ¿Ü¿¡ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¸¸À» Àü´ÞÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¾Æ½¬¿î ¸¶À½À» ´ã¾Æ¼­ °¡Á¤¹ýÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

If he were rich, he could go abroad.
±×°¡ ºÎÀÚ¶ó¸é ÇØ¿Ü·Î °¥¼ö ÀÖÀ»ÅÙµ¥.

³»¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¸é Á÷¼³¹ý°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀÇ ½ÉÀû»óÅ´ ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù.

°¡Á¤¹ýÀº ÀÌó·³ ¾Æ½¬¿î ¸¶À½À̳ª ¼Ò¸Á µîÀ» ´ãÀ»¶§ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°¡Á¤¹ýÀÇ °ø½Ä

°¡Á¤¹ýÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº if¹®À» »ç¿ëÇØ¼­ Á¾¼ÓÀýÀ» ¸¸µé°í, ÁÖÀý¿¡´Â Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

  1. if¹®À» »ç¿ëÇØ¼­ Á¾¼ÓÀý ¸¸µé±â : If he were rich,
  2. ÁÖÀý¿¡´Â Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱâ : he could go abroad.

¿©±â¿¡ °¡Á¤¹ýÀº Á÷¼³¹ýº¸´Ù ÇѽÃÁ¦ ÀÌÀü ½ÃÁ¦·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ Ãß°¡µË´Ï´Ù.

Á÷¼³¹ý¿¡¼­ ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é °¡Á¤¹ý¿¡¼­´Â °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦°¡ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.(ÇöÀç »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÒ¶§´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å)

  • Á÷¼³¹ý is   °¡Á¤¹ý were
  • Á÷¼³¹ý can   °¡Á¤¹ý could

Á÷¼³¹ý¿¡¼­ °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é °¡Á¤¹ý¿¡¼­´Â °ú°Å¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦°¡ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.(°ú°Å »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÒ¶§´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á)

  • Á÷¼³¹ý was   °¡Á¤¹ý had been
  • Á÷¼³¹ý could   °¡Á¤¹ý could have pp

°¡Á¤¹ý°ú Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü

Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÈçÈ÷ Á¶µ¿»ç¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¼­¹ýÁ¶µ¿»ç(modal verb)´Â È­ÀÚÀÇ ½ÉÀûŵµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

°¡Á¤¹ý ¿ª½Ã È­ÀÚÀÇ ½ÉÀûŵµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡Á¤¹ýÀÇ ÁÖÀý¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀÌ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.

°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿¡¼­´Â Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°Å(would, could, should, might)°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í, °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á¿¡¼­´Â Á¶µ¿»ç °ú°Å + have pp ÇüÅ·Π»ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.

If he had not been sick yesterday, he could have attended the party.
¸¸¾à ±×°¡ ¾îÁ¦ ¾ÆÇÁÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾ú´õ¶ó¸é, ÆÄƼ¿¡ Âü¼®Çß¾úÀ»ÅÙµ¥.

if Á¶°ÇÀý°ú °¡Á¤¹ý

Á¶°ÇÀý°ú °¡Á¤¹ý ¸ðµÎ ifÀýÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¾î±Ç ¹®¹ý¿¡¼­´Â À̸¦ zero ~ third Á¶°ÇÀý·Î ¹­¾î¼­ ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 

if Á¶°ÇÀý Zero if + ´Ü¼øÇöÀç, ´Ü¼øÇöÀç
First if + ´Ü¼øÇöÀç, ¹Ì·¡
°¡Á¤¹ý Second(°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å) if + °ú°Å, would + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
Third(°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á) if + °ú°Å¿Ï·á, would have + p.p

if Á¶°ÇÀýÀº Á¶°ÇÀÌ ÃæÁ·µÇ¸é °á°ú°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¶°ÇÀÌ ÃæÁ·µÇ¸é ÇöÀç °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é(¹Ù·Î °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é) Zero Conditional, °á°ú°¡ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù¸é First ConditionalÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.

If you touch a fire, you get burned.
ºÒÀ» ¸¸Áö¸é È­»óÀ» ÀԴ´Ù.

  • °á°ú°¡ ÇöÀç¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³²(¹Ù·Î ³ªÅ¸³²)
  • Zero Conditional

If it rains, I won't go to the beach.
ºñ°¡¿À¸é, ÇØº¯¿¡ °¡Áö ¾ÊÀ»°Å¾ß.

°¡Á¤¹ýÀº Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ïÁö±â ¾î·Á¿î(Çö½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ëÀÎ) °¡Á¤À» Çϰí ÀÌ¿¡´ëÇØ ¾Æ½¬¿òÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀ縦 °¡Á¤Çϸé Second Conditional(°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å), °ú°Å¸¦ °¡Á¤Çϸé Third Conditional(°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á)ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.

If I knew her phone number, I would call her.
±×³àÀÇ ÀüÈ­ ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¾È´Ù¸é ±×³à¿¡°Ô ÀüÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»°Çµ¥.

  • ÇöÀç »óȲÀ» °¡Á¤ Second Conditional(°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å)

If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.
±×°¡ °øºÎ¸¦ Çß´Ù¸é ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇßÀ»ÅÙµ¥.

  • °ú°Å »óȲÀ» °¡Á¤ Third Conditional(°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á)